Acne is one of the most common and widespread skin problems worldwide, affecting millions of people of all ages, not only physically but also psychologically. The appearance of pimples on the face or back can negatively impact self-confidence and quality of life. Despite significant advances in modern treatment methods, many misconceptions and incorrect practices still surround this common skin condition. In this article, we highlight what acne is, its true causes, different types, and the latest medical approaches for its treatment and prevention.
What is Acne?
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the pilosebaceous units in the skin. It results from the blockage of hair follicles by sebum (oil) and dead skin cells, coupled with the proliferation of certain bacteria, leading to the appearance of pimples and inflammations of varying severity.
Acne most commonly appears in areas such as the face, chest, back, and shoulders, where sebaceous glands are abundant.
Causes of Acne
Several factors interact in the development of acne, most notably:
- Hormonal changes, especially during puberty, pregnancy, and hormonal disorders.
- Increased secretion of skin oils from sebaceous glands.
- Blockage of pores by dead skin cells.
- Bacterial proliferation within hair follicles, especially Cutibacterium acnes.
- Genetic factors, with a higher likelihood if there is a family history.
- Psychological stress and diets high in sugars and fats.
Types of Acne
The different forms of acne vary according to severity and depth in the skin, among the main types are:
- Whiteheads: Closed pores containing oil and dead skin.
- Blackheads: Open pores with oxidized contents turning dark.
- Papules and pustules: Red, tender pimples that may contain pus.
- Nodules and cysts: Severe, deep lesions that can cause permanent scars if untreated early.
Treatment Options for Acne
The choice of appropriate treatment depends on the severity, type of skin lesions, and the patient’s age. Modern therapeutic options include:
1️⃣ Topical Treatments
- Topical retinoids to regulate skin shedding and prevent pore blockages.
- Topical antibiotics to reduce bacterial proliferation.
- Benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid to reduce inflammation and clean pores.
2️⃣ Oral Treatments
- Oral antibiotics for moderate cases.
- Hormonal treatments for women with acne related to hormonal imbalances.
- Isotretinoin for severe or resistant cases.
3️⃣ Procedural Treatments
- Chemical peeling to improve skin appearance and reduce pimples.
- Laser or intense pulsed light therapy.
- Medical skin cleansing and blackhead removal under specialist supervision.
The treatment plan should be prescribed and monitored by a dermatologist to avoid side effects and potential complications.
Tips for Prevention and Skin Care
- Gently wash the face twice daily with a suitable cleanser for your skin type.
- Avoid touching or squeezing pimples to prevent infections and scars.
- Use non-comedogenic cosmetic products.
- Follow a balanced diet, reducing sugars and processed foods.
- Avoid overusing medical products without consulting a doctor.
In Conclusion
Acne is a common skin condition, but it is highly treatable and controllable when diagnosed early and followed with an appropriate treatment plan. Awareness of the disease’s nature and proper daily skin care are among the most important factors for maintaining healthy skin and reducing the risk of permanent scars.
Scientific References:
- Zaenglein AL, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2016.
- Thiboutot D, et al. New insights into the management of acne. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2014.
- Gollnick H, Cunliffe W. Management of acne: A report from a Global Alliance. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2003.
- American Academy of Dermatology. Acne: Diagnosis and treatment. Updated clinical guidelines, 2022.
- UpToDate. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of acne vulgaris. 2023.
- Tan JK, Bhate K. A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne. British Journal of Dermatology, 2015.
